Alan Turing was a British mathematician, logician, and computer scientist who made significant contributions to the fields of theoretical and applied mathematics, as well as computer science and artificial intelligence. He is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. During World War II, he was a key figure in the code-breaking efforts at Bletchley Park, where he played a crucial role in cracking the German Enigma machine code. His work helped to shorten the war and saved an incredible amount lives.